![]() We then introduce distortion effect factors to quantitatively measure the temporal R-D dependency. ![]() It is shown that under the hierarchical fixed QP setting in the HEVC encoder, the temporal R-D dependence dominates the coding process, and the distortion of the reference frame has a strong impact on that of coded frames while less influence on rate. ![]() In this paper, we first investigate the R-D characteristics, including operational R-D curves and R-D dependencies, in HEVC through several simulation experiments. In fact, the current coding option not only determines the R-D point of the coded unit but also influences the achievable R-D performance of the subsequent coding units due to the spatial–temporal dependencies among the block/frame optimizations. However, the current RDO method, which is applied in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), is far from being globally optimal as it ignores the interaction among coding options. Rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is a crucial technique in block-based hybrid video encoders, which determines the coding option for a certain coding unit to achieve optimal rate–distortion (R-D) performance.
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